Density Calculator

Density is the amount of mass per unit volume (ρ = m/V), showing how tightly packed matter is in a substance. Water has a density of 1000 kg/m³ or 1 g/cm³. Dense materials like lead have more mass in the same volume.

Objects float if their density is less than the fluid's density. Wood (density ~600 kg/m³) floats in water (1000 kg/m³). Iron (density ~7800 kg/m³) sinks. Ships float because their overall density (including air inside) is less than water.

Yes! Most materials expand when heated, increasing volume while mass stays constant, decreasing density. This is why hot air rises (less dense than cold air) and why ice floats (water expands when freezing).

Density is an intrinsic property (mass per volume) that doesn't depend on amount. Weight depends on both mass and gravity. A cubic meter of gold has the same density on Earth or the Moon, but different weights.

Air: ~1.2 kg/m³; Water: 1000 kg/m³; Ice: 917 kg/m³; Wood: 400-900 kg/m³; Aluminum: 2700 kg/m³; Iron: 7874 kg/m³; Lead: 11340 kg/m³; Gold: 19320 kg/m³. Osmium is the densest element at 22,590 kg/m³.

Density helps identify substances (gems, metals), design ships and submarines, separate materials (oil/water), check product quality, determine purity, and understand atmospheric and ocean behavior.